Tundra Biome - Comes for the word “treeless plant”
· Low biotic diversity
· Cold molded plain
· Extremely Cold
· Simple vegetation structure
2 kinds of TUNDRA’S
· Alpine
· Artic
Artic Tundra
· Located in the northern hemisphere
· The growing season is 50 – 60 days
· Average winter temperature is 30º - 34º Fahrenheit
· Summer temperature is 35º - 55º Fahrenheit
Families Of An Artic Tundra
· Herbivore Mammals
· Carnivorous Mammals
· Migratory Birds (Ravens, Flacons, and etc.)
· Insects
· Bugs
Location Of Artic Tundra:
· North America (Northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland)
· North Europe (Scandinavia)
· North Asia (Siberia)
Vegetations:
· Short shrubs and grasses
Permafrost is the bottom layer of ground
Wildlife
· Animals which adapt to the cold winter
· Large animals migrate to hotter places
· While smaller animal dig a hole to stay warm and cozy when too cold
Alpine Tundra
· Cold climate region
· Temperature is below freezing at night
· Very windy, speeds exceeds 100 miles per hour
· Can be seen in anywhere with a high elevation
· Also places that are tropic areas (2 season)
Located Alpine Tundra
· North America (Alaska, Canada, USA, and Mexico)
· North Europe (Finland, Russia, Norway, and Sweden)
· South Asia (Himalayan Mountains and Mount Fuji)
Vegetation
· Tropical Alpine Tundra’s are treeless plains
· It consists of short shrubs, lichens, mosses, sedges, perennial forbs, and rosette
Wildlife
· They migrate to lower elevations for the winter
· Animals: marmots, mountain goats, bighorn sheep, elk, grizzly bear, springtail, beetles, grasshoppers, and butterflies
Coniferous Forest
· Also known by the name “boreal” and “taiga”
· Covers 15% land in the earth
· Located in the Northern Hemisphere
- Across America, Europe, and Asia
· Usually produces their seeds in cones
Description
· Often cover mountainsides
· Have many plants and vegetations
· Thousand lakes and swamps
Vegetations
· Primarily posses pine needles
· Contains very little sap
Types
· Open lichen woodland which has trees spaces far apart with lichen growing between them
· Closed forest which have trees very close together and a shaded moss covered forest floor
Weather
· Most precipitation in the forest arrives in summer. (12 – 33 inches yearly)
Threats
· Clear-cut logging
· High intensity hunting, trapping
Wildlife
· Wolves
· Lynxes
· Owl
· Bear
· Moose/ Elk
Deciduous Forest
· Has 4 seasons (spring, summer, fall, and winter)
· Can be found in the eastern half of North America (In the middle of Europe and Asia)
· Some major areas are in Southwest Russia, Japan, eastern China, and Middle East Coast of Paraguay
· Some minor’s are in New Zealand and southern Australia
Tree stratum contains
· Oak, beech, maple, chestnut, and hickory
Weather
· Temperature is 50º F
· The average rainfall is 30 to 60 inches a year
Rainforest
· It rains a lot
· Most of the animals live in the forest (Beavers, bears, deer, snake, and etc.)
· Largest Pharmacy
· Use to cover 14% of the earth, now 6%
Grasslands
· Greensward
· Mostly grass
· They’re 3 different types of Grassland (Tall, Mixed, and Short)
Locations
· Found in every continent except Antarctica
· Regions which have 30º - 50º
· Exist naturally in a land which rainfalls a lot
Weather
· Extremely hot in the summer
· Extremely cold in the winter (reaches 20º - 30º)
· Gets 10 – 30 inches of rain every year
Grasslands type
· Tropical and Subtropical
· Temperature
· Flooded Grasslands
Desert
· Cold and Hot
· The biggest desert is Antartic Desert
Weather:
· Cold desert reaches -2º to 4º while in summer it reaches 21º - 26º
· Hot desert reaches (maximum is 43.4º to 49º C, minimum is -18º
(IT IS HOT, BECAUSE WHEN THE CLOUDS REACHES IT, IT IS OUT OF WATER)